By Aparna Patni
Explore Rishabhdev’s history, birth, nirvana and enduring cultural significance
Very few great figures on the sacred land of India have had an influence and respect that transcend multiple religious traditions equally. The personality of Rishabhdev belongs to this unique category, revered with equal devotion in both Jain and Hindu traditions. His message, rooted deep in ancient times, continues to shape our cultural and spiritual discourse even today.
In the Jain tradition, time is not seen as a linear path but as eternal and cyclical. At the start of one such new cycle, Rishabhdev was born, celebrated as the first Tirthankara - one who illuminates the path to liberation. He was born in the city of Ayodhya on the ninth day (Navami) of the dark fortnight (Krishna Paksha) in the month of Chaitra, to King Nabhi and Queen Marudevi, who are also mentioned in Hindu scriptures.
Rishabhdev attained nirvana on Mount Kailash on the fourteenth day (Chaturdashi) of the dark fortnight (Krishna Paksha) in the month of Magha. His life was devoted to austerity, knowledge and the upliftment of humanity. This detailed life story is described in the Adipurana composed by Acharya Jinasena, which forms the basis of Jain philosophy.
What distinguishes Rishabhdev in Indian spiritual history is his esteemed position in Hindu scriptures as well. In the Bhagavat Purana, he is counted among the 24 incarnations of Lord Vishnu - those noble beings who descend to impart knowledge of dharma and renunciation to seekers engaged in the pursuit of liberation.
Both traditions trace Rishabhdev’s lineage to the Ikshvaku dynasty - the sacred royal lineage to which Lord Rama also belongs. Rishabhdev is remembered not only as a spiritual guide but also as a king of Kosala, who established foundational pillars for civil society.
The message of Rishabhdev goes far beyond the boundaries of any one sect. As he is remembered in the Rigveda, so his words and conduct are manifest in both Jain and Hindu scriptures. This influence is evident across Vedic hymns, Jain Agamas, Vishnu’s teachings and the doctrines of non-violence and renunciation.
Rishabhdev’s life is an ideal example of determination, self-welfare and social harmony. His life message reveals that even though paths of faith may differ, true guidance and high ideals unite the entire society. Whether through Vedas, Jain scriptures, Puranas or popular memory, one principle stands clear: the path of self-development, non-violence and dharma is the highest welfare for humanity.
Question | Answer |
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Why is Rishabhdev revered in both Jain and Hindu traditions? | Both traditions recognize his incarnation and teachings in the same lineage and era; there are many similarities in his character. |
In which scriptures is Rishabhdev mentioned? | Mentions appear in Jain Adipurana, Hindu Bhagavat Purana, Rigveda and many other texts. |
When and where did Rishabhdev attain nirvana? | On Mount Kailash, on the day of Magha Krishna Chaturdashi. |
What relevance do Rishabhdev’s teachings have today? | His teachings on meditation, renunciation, non-violence and social harmony remain guiding principles. |
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